I haven't ever been able to find them in Tile Layer either...
I recently discovered where in RAM the current map's palettes are stored, and by way of that knowledge, I can say pretty confidently that they are 3BPP. But by playing around with the palettes, I also discovered that some map tiles use different palettes within an individual tile. For instance, the edge of the mountains - the mountain portion uses the mountain palette, but the grass portion uses the grass/forest palette. This would suggest that world map tiles are - or at least are set up to allow - two separate graphics tiles overlayed. I suppose, knowing where the palettes are, that informtion could be traced back to the entire graphics loading routine... But what a pain in the neck. Maybe when I take some time off next month I'll look into it.
Maybe.